Phaseolin Induction on Common-Bean Cultivars and Biological Control of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum 89 Race by Baccharis trimera (Less) Dc

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the aqueous extracts of Baccharis trimera on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum 89 race, as well as its effect on the accumulation of phaseolin in hypocotyls of different cultivars and common bean varieties. It was obtained 20% aqueous extract from plants collected in municipalities of the Western Region of Paraná. Blocks containing C. lindemuthianum mycelium were transferred to Petri dishes containing medium with the different extracts and incubated at 25 °C. The colonies diameter was measured until the 12th day. Effects of aqueous extracts on phaseolin production was evaluated in hypocotyls of Carioca, Cnpf 8104, Soberana, Tibatã, Uirapurú cultivars, as well as Rosinha and Vermelho varieties. Each one cultivar and variety hypocotyl was transferred separately to test tubes containing 500 μL of 20% aqueous extracts. Sterile water, Bion®, and UV was used as controls. The phaseolin production was measured in spectrophotometer [280 nm]. Results of the evaluation of the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Baccharis sp. specimens collected indicate that approximately 50% of the samples presented capacity to reduce between 74 and 92% of C. lindemuthianum growth. Cultivar Tibatã and Vermelho variety showed greater sensitivity over the applied treatments. Results of fungal filtrates and vegetal aqueous extracts presented a low capacity to induce the production of phaseolin in hypocotyls.

Ocorrência e perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados de aviários do Paraná, Brasil / Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. serotypes isolated from poultry farms in Paraná, Brazil

O presente estudo foi conduzido para verificar o perfil de resistência de diferentes sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados em aviários de frango de corte frente a agentes antimicrobianos. Foram processados 342 suabes de arrasto provenientes de granjas avícolas do oeste do Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011, sendo isoladas 39 amostras de Salmonella spp. Os sorotipos mais frequentes foram: S. Heidelberg, S. Mbandaka, S. Newport, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Enteritidis, S. Livingstone, S. Orion, S. Give e S. Infantis. A determinação do perfil de resistência para os 19 sorotipos de Salmonella identificados foi realizada em relação a 12 antimicrobianos comerciais. Os resultados indicam que 51% dos sorotipos de Salmonella apresentaram resistência a um ou mais antimicrobianos, com 12 diferentes padrões de resistência. O maior percentual de resistência foi verificado à tetraciclina (30,8%), e o menor à gentamicina e cloranfenicol (2,6%). Os níveis de resistência indicam que os antimicrobianos devem ser utilizados nos aviários de forma mais prudente, buscando, assim, minimizar a disseminação de cepas resistentes.(AU)

The present study was carried to verify the resistance profile of different Salmonella spp. serotypes isolated from a poultry broiler house against antimicrobial agents. Tree-hundred and forty two drag swabs from poultry farms in western Paraná were processed in the period from January 2010 to January 2011, and 39 Salmonella spp. Strains were isolated. The serovars were mostly: S. Heidelberg, S. Mbandaka, S. Newport, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Enteritidis, S. Livingstone, S. Orion, S. Give and S. Infantis. The determination of the resistance profile to the 19 identified Salmonella serotypes was evaluated against 12 antimicrobial commercials. The results indicate that 51% of Salmonella serotypes showed resistance to on or more antimicrobials, with 12 different resistance patterns. The highest percentage of resistance was related to tetracycline (30,8%) and the lowest one to gentamicin and chloramphenicol (2,6%). The resistance levels indicate that antimicrobials should be used on poultry farms more carefuly, thus seeking to minimize the spread of resistant strains.(AU)